Pet Care
Feature Article

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Separation Anxiety in Dogs

By: Julio E. Correa, Ph.D.

Separation anxiety or separation stress in dogs is the apprehension or fear of being left alone. This panic disorder occurs in dogs of all ages and breeds, and it is most common in dogs overly dependent on the continued presence of their owners. When deprived of the physical presence of their owners, dogs that are victims of separation anxiety become very destructive.

There are many behaviors associated with separation anxiety. Barking excessively, urinating and defecating inside the house, and digging, chewing or scratching doors, rugs, etc. are the most typical. However, true anxiety is characterized by salivation, trembling, depression, and, in extreme cases, self-mutilation. Usually, dogs that exhibit separation anxiety begin to get anxious long before the departure of their owners. This is due to the dog's ability to learn very quickly the departing routine of the owner.

Separation anxiety in dogs may be caused by an early life trauma, a sudden change of environment, a change in owner's lifestyle, or the temporary or permanent absence of their primary attachment figure.

There are several effective ways of alleviating separation anxiety. The following ideas may prove helpful:

• Exercise your dog before your departure.
• Change your departure routine.
• Expose your dog to many short departures.
• Do not make a big deal out of your departure.
• Leave a distraction such as an indestructible chew toy.
• Leave the television or radio on.
• Drug therapy. The two most commonly prescribed drugs are diazepam (an anticonvulsant) and amitriptyline (an antidepressant). However, these should be used under the supervision of a veterinarian and in conjunction with a behavior modification program.

Although the response to the treatment is dependent on the age and breed of your dog, this panic disorder can be treated. It is important to remember that punishing or crating a dog that suffers from separation anxiety will only make matters worse.