Managing diabetes can be particularly difficult when seasonal illnesses strike. November is American Diabetes Month, and it provides an opportunity to remind people with diabetes how to navigate these challenges. Studies show that illnesses can disrupt blood sugar control, potentially leading to severe complications if not managed properly. For instance, infections, colds, and viruses often trigger the body to release stress hormones that raise blood sugar levels. However, there are simple strategies that individuals with diabetes can follow to manage their condition, even when feeling unwell.

Importance

Effective management of diabetes during illness is vital for several reasons. When individuals with diabetes are sick, they may experience fluctuations in blood sugar levels that are hard to predict and control. Many studies indicate fever, vomiting, and diarrhea can further complicate blood sugar management. Additionally, dehydration and reduced food intake can alter insulin needs and blood sugar levels. By understanding how to manage diabetes during sickness, individuals can prevent severe complications.

What to Do

Monitor blood sugar levels more frequently. When you are sick, it’s important to check your blood sugar more frequently than normal. Every 2 to 4 hours is recommended, especially if you have symptoms like vomiting or diarrhea. This frequent monitoring helps adjust insulin doses or manage other medications effectively.

Adjust medication as needed. Being ill may require changes to your insulin regimen. Talk to your health care provider about whether adjustments are needed. It’s also important to continue taking any other prescribed medications, even if you cannot eat normally.

Stay hydrated. Drinking fluids is essential because dehydration can affect blood sugar levels. Stick to water or clear broths. If you are vomiting or have diarrhea, oral rehydration solutions can help replace lost electrolytes.

Eat small, balanced meals. If your appetite is reduced, focus on eating small portions of easy-to-digest, carbohydrate-rich foods. Good options include applesauce, crackers, and toast. These can provide necessary energy and help maintain stable blood sugar levels.

Recognize warning signs. Be aware of symptoms that could indicate complications, such as persistent high blood sugar levels, severe dehydration, or signs of diabetic ketoacidosis (e.g., fruity-smelling breath or confusion). If these symptoms occur, seek immediate medical attention.

Summary

Managing diabetes effectively when sick is important for maintaining overall health and preventing serious complications. By closely monitoring blood sugar levels, adjusting medications as advised by your health care provider, staying hydrated, eating appropriately, and recognizing warning signs, individuals with diabetes can better control their condition even when ill. This proactive approach not only helps in managing the current illness but also reduces the risk of long-term health issues associated with diabetes. For additional support and strategies, consult with your health care professionals or seek out reputable diabetes management resources.

For more information, visit the following resources:

• Managing Sick Days—Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Planning for Sick Days—American Diabetes Association