Watermelons can be a great crop for home production, as well as commercial production.

What to Know

Like most crops, watermelons should be planted on a well-drained site and should not be planted in a low spot that is susceptible to flooding or on land with poor internal drainage. It takes time, but growing cover crops is a great way of increasing the organic matter and improving internal drainage of a field.

Watermelons are in the Cucurbitaceae family, which includes cucumbers, muskmelons, squashes, pumpkins, gourds, and honeydews. It is common for plants in the same family to share diseases, making it important to rotate crops. If possible, it is recommended to wait up to 5 years before growing a crop such as watermelon in the same place as any other crop from the same family. This is easy to accomplish if you are planting small plots and have enough land, but it is difficult for farmers who plant large acreage of the same crop. If crop rotation is not possible, Alabama Cooperative Extension System professionals recommend planting watermelons with the most disease resistance possible. Some watermelon varieties offer resistance or tolerance to certain diseases including fusarium wilt race 1, anthracnose, and powdery mildew.

Soil Recommendations

Soil testing in advance of planting is recommended, along with growing cover crops. It is beneficial to conduct soil testing in the late summer and apply any needed lime when planting cover crops. Growers may already know how much nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium watermelons need, but they do not know which elements are already present in the soil. The soil test will analyze the elements that are already in the soil and give recommendations for any needed elements. Agents in your county Extension office can explain how to take soil samples and answer questions concerning the soil test results.

Spacing and Light Needs

Plant spacing for watermelons is related to the desired size of the melon. Larger-fruited melons are generally given 24 to 30 square feet per plant. It is common to see watermelon rows spaced 6 feet apart, with plants spaced 42- to 60-inches in the row. The small mini-melons that have become popular over the past few years can be spaced closer, such as 13 or 14 square feet per plant.

Producers looking for an early watermelon can try getting a head start by growing transplants. Temperatures should be 70 to 80 degrees F during the day and 65 to 70 degrees F during the night. If adequate light is provided, transplants should be ready in 3 to 4 weeks. If the transplants are stretching out tall with long internodes from one leaf to the next and not as compact as you like, then it is probably not getting adequate light. Sunlight is best, but supplemental light can be added. Lights are helpful and can be put on a timer to provide 14 to 16 hours of light each day.

Varieties of Watermelon

Some recommended seeded watermelon varieties include ‘AU Producer’, ‘Crimson Sweet’, ‘Jubilee II’, ‘Estrella’, ‘Lemon Krush’ (yellow flesh), ‘Nunhems 800’, ‘Nunhelms 860’, ‘Sangria’, ‘Starbright’, ‘Summer Gold’ (yellow flesh), ‘Top Gun’, and ‘Mickey Lee’ (icebox/mini melon). Alabama Extension regional agents can recommend some seedless watermelons for those that are interested. If you have any questions, call your local Extension office.