As people enjoy the winter holiday season, it is important to be aware of how cold weather affects health, especially for older adults. As people age, their bodies become less able to sense and respond to temperature changes. This can turn into serious health problems quickly when chronic conditions are present (e.g., diabetes, thyroid problems, and memory problems). While Alabama winters are milder than in many other states, it doesn’t mean there is nothing to worry about. Lower temperatures, unexpected accidents, and winter infections still pose risks for older adults. The following is an overview of how winter weather can impact health and what people can do to stay safe and well.

How Cold Weather Impacts Older Adults

Older adults are especially vulnerable to winter conditions for biological, physical, and socioemotional reasons. Common winter-related health concerns include the following:

Heart attack and stroke. About three quarters of older adults live with cardiovascular disease, and cold weather makes cardiovascular conditions even worse. Low temperatures tighten blood vessels, which forces the heart to work harder and raises blood pressure. Reduced physical or outdoor activity in winter also worsen cardiovascular conditions.

Lung problems. Respiratory health issues are common for older adults, which can be aggravated in winter. Cold and dry air can trigger tightness in airways, making breathing more difficult. Staying indoors more often during winter also means more exposure to dust, mold, and germs, which increases the risk of respiratory infections.

Hypothermia. Older adults produce and retain body heat less efficiently. They may also not feel cold as acutely, increasing the risk of dangerously low body temperatures. Hypothermia can occur even in mildly cold conditions.

Fall accidents. The risk of falling increases sharply in winter. This is a primary cause of serious injuries in older adults, whose recovery often takes longer than other age groups. Cold temperatures can stiffen muscles and joints, making balance more difficult. Also, snow, ice, and black ice greatly increase the risk of slipping and falling.

Depression and loneliness. Older adults are more likely to experience seasonal depression. During winter, they often spend less time outside and may have fewer opportunities to join social or physical activities, which can lead to feelings of isolation. Shorter days and reduced sunlight can also disrupt the body’s internal clock and affect hormone levels that regulate mood, making winter a more challenging time emotionally.

Winter Safety Tips

• Keep your home warm.
  • Set the thermostat to a comfortable temperature (68 to 74 degrees F).
  • Seal drafts, use safe space heaters, and wear layers indoors.
  • Open curtains during the day and sit near windows to enjoy sunlight and warmth.
• Stay indoors but stay active.
  • Regular movement helps maintain balance, strength, and overall health.
  • Even light activity can reduce the risk of falls.
  • Try stretching exercises, indoor workouts, and mall walking.
• Enjoy fresh air.
  • Open windows occasionally to let fresh air circulate and reduce indoor pollutants.
• Practice good hygiene.
  • Wash your hands often to prevent winter viruses.
• Eat well.
  • A healthy diet supports body heat, strength, and mood.
  • Choose whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and proteins.
  • Consider foods that are rich in vitamin D or consume vitamin D supplements to help compensate for reduced sunlight.
  • Stay hydrated with water, herbal teas, or warm broths.
• Stay connected.
  • Social connections support emotional, cognitive, and physical health.
  • Use video calls like Zoom or FaceTime to stay in touch with loved ones.
  • Join online social groups, hobby clubs, or virtual community programs.
  • Ask neighbors or friends to schedule regular phone calls or visits to maintain a routine and a sense of connection.
  • Participate in local community events or programs offered by nearby senior centers or local organizations.