Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Information Page

Last Updated: Jan. 19, 2004

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), also known as "Mad Cow disease," has emerged as one of the most serious health concerns of the 21st century.

No one knows for certain what causes BSE or its human equivalent, Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (CJD). However, a majority of scientists suspect the culprit may be an aberrant protein known as a prion found in the brains and spinal tissue of infected animals. Experts also believe outbreaks of BSE in European cattle stem from the once common practice of feeding these animals offal - in this case, sheep renderings containing brain and spinal tissue - and, later, bone meal.

Supporters of this prevailing view believe BSE somehow crossed over into the human population in the form of CJD --presumably from consuming BSE-contaminated beef. There is no cure for Creutzfeldt Jakob disease.  Being diagnosed with the disease is the equivalent of a death sentence with no hope of reprieve.

Recent News Releases From The Alabama Cooperative Extension System

No Definite Link Between Cattle Disease and Human Counterpart, Expert Says

State’s Cattle Producers Working to Ensure Beef Safety and Quality

Low Cattle Inventory Cushions Blow from BSE Confirmation

The Queniborough Cluster: Proof of a Human Connection to Mad Cow?

Alabama Extension and Auburn University Contacts

Boyd Brady, Manager, Dairy Herd Improvement Association, Auburn University

Expertise:  BSE-related questions concerning dairy production

Dr. Lisa Kriese-Anderson, Alabama Cooperative Extension System Animal Scientist and Auburn University Associate Professor of Animal Science.

Expertise: General animal science issues relating to BSE.

Dr. Darrell Rankins, Alabama Cooperative Extension System Animal Scientist and Auburn University Associate Professor of Animal Science

Expertise: USDA's new cattle feeding regulations

Dr. Jean Weese, Alabama Cooperative Extension Food Scientist and Auburn University Associate Professor of Nutrition and Food Science

Expertise: General consumer safety issues and the relationship between BSE and nvCJD

Dr. Christopher Kerth, Auburn University Assistant Professor of Animal Science

Expertise: Meat packaging issues, especially as they relate to small-scale packagers.

 

Streaming Video and Audio Presentations About BSE

Iowa State University Extension's Program Regarding BSE

(Streaming presentation by Alabama Cooperative Extension System)

Interview with Dr. Jean Weese on BSE/nvCJD Link

Dr. Weese discusses the presumed link between BSE and nvCJD, the presumed new variant of Creutzfeld-Jakob disease. 

 

BSE Frequently Asked Questions and Fact Sheets

“Veneman Announces Additional Protection Measures to Guard Against BSE” 

For regular briefings on the BSE issue, visit the USDA’s main page

Case of BSE in the United States: Chronology of Events

BSE Information Page (Extension Disaster Education Network and the Louisiana Agricultural Center)

BSE Information Source (Iowa Beef Center/Iowa State University)

BSE Hot Issues Page (USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service)

BSE Information Page (USDA Foreign Agricultural Service)

(Page provides information about BSE’s effect on foreign trade.)

Consumer Questions and Issues about BSE (US Food and Drug Administration)

BSE Information Page (USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service)

BSE Information Page (National Institute of Environmental Health Services)

BSE Information Page (Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs)

BSE: Situation and Outlook (European Union)

FAQ from the National Cattleman's Beef Association (A Powerpoint Presentation

Mad Cow Disease (Washington Post)

 

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Questions and About BSE and CJD (Centers for Disease Control)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Fact Sheet (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)

Top FAQ's About Mad Cow Disease (American Red Cross)

“BSE and vCJD Questions and Answers” (U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine)

The UK Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Information Page (University of California at San Francisco's Memory and Aging Center)

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (World Health Organization)

The Queniborough Cluster

For most of the past decade, medical Investigators have been trying to account for a spike in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease cases occurring in or near the tiny English village of Queniborough.  Medical investigators consider this outbreak, the so-called Queniborough cluster, significant because it may reveal a link between mad cow disease and CJD. So far, though, the evidence that has been uncovered has been intriguing but inconclusive.

A Queniborough Cluster Chronology:

Summary of the Final Report of the Investigation into the North Leicestershire Cluster of Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease --  From the Leicestershire Health Authority, March 21, 2003.

Leicestershire Health Authority Press Release

Queniborough VCJD Cluster Report – (United Kingdom) Department of Public Health

“The Queniborough CJD Cluster”

“School Food May Have Spread CJD”

“Butchering (In Queniborough) Likely to Blame”

“Scientists Find Cause of CJD Cluster”

“Warning Over Rising CJD Cases”

“‘Misadventure’ Ruling After vCJD Case”

“Street’s Second CJD Victim Rarely Ate Beef, Father Says”

“‘Missing’ In Village CJD Cluster”

“CJD turned 'perfect girl into a wreck'”

RFID Tagging

Agriculture head backs national livestock ID system

Radio Frequency Identify Special Coverage

RFID tags key to some cattle ID programs

BSE and CJD: A Link?

In 2001, British public health consultant George Venters ignited a firestorm after publishing an article in the British Medical Journal challenging the conventional view that bovine spongiform encephalopathy, so-called mad cow disease, is linked with a new variant form of Creutsfeldt-Jakob, commonly known as nvCJD, disease in humans. 

Following is a list of links dealing with this debate:

“New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: The Epidemic That Never Was”

George A. Venters’ controversial article, which appeared in the Oct. 31, 2001, edition of the British Medical Journal

Still No Beef to Mad Cow Mania

By Steven Milloy, an adjunct scholoar at the Cato Institute

"Notion of Mad Cow Disease Is Tenuous"

By Steven Milloy, an adjunct scholoar at the Cato Institute

“CJD and Eating Beef ‘Not Linked’”

The (British) National CJD Surveillance Unit in Edinburgh concluded in 2000 that there was no definite link between what is perceived as a new variant form of CJD and eating beef.

“vCJD and BSE – The Link”

The reason why many scientists speculate that there is a link between BSE and new variant CJD is because of the strong similarity of both diseases. 

“Don’t Have a Cow, Man”

Sandy Swarz, food editor and writer, offers a very helpful guide to the controversy surrounding the presumed link between BSE and nvCJD in humans.  She concludes that “media hysteria (about BSE) is inversely proportional to the risks.”

"Don’t Be Cowed by This Disease"

Dr. Scott C. Ratzan, director of the Emerson College/Tufts University School of Medicine Program in Health Communication, Boston, offers arguments very similar to Swarz’s, claiming that “mad cow disease now joins the Dalkon Shield, electromagnetic fields, Alar, breast implants and other spurious health hazards.”

“The Queniborough CJD Cluster”

Dr. Michael Fitzpatrick explores five cases of nvCJD in the North Leicestershire village of Queniborough (England), which many scientists believe provides tantalizing evidence of a BSE/CJD link. 

The BSE Inquiry

An inquiry, sponsored by the Government of the United Kingdom, into BSE and the nvCJD.

“Mad Cow Variant That Hits Humans Is a Puzzle”

Washington Post article about Charlene, the only person in the United States confirmed to have the human version of BSE.

A Bacterial Link?

George Venters isn’t the only medical investigator harboring doubts about BSE’s link with humans.  Prof. Alan Ebringer, an expert in auto-immune diseases at King’s College, London, challenges the current scientific orthodoxy that BSE and CJD are caused by rogue prion proteins.  He believes the cause stems from a acinetobacter, a common microbe in sewage, water and soil.  

“Senior Scientists Dismiss Fears of CJD Epidemic”

"BSE Never a Threat to Humans, Say Scientists"

"CJD: No Link to Eating Beef Is Found"

Will Ockham's Razor Cut Mad-Cow Disease Down to Size?

A Manganese Link?

Dr. David R. Brown, a senior research fellow at Cambridge University and lecturer and researcher at the University of Bath, is another dissident scientist who believes the entire BSE/CJD link must be completely reconsidered.  He believes excessive exposure to manganese, a heavy metal that is, ironically, crucial to life and part of the daily diet, is the culprit behind both BSE and CJD. 

"Could the Environment Trigger Mad Cow Disease"

After years of inquiry no-one knows how many lives vCJD will claim

Dr. Brown's Statement to the BSE Inquiry
 

Dr. Brown's Article in Veterinary Times, Jan 27, 2003

Extension News Directory Search

Return to Google homepage.
Search WWW     Search the Extension News and Public Affairs site