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• Record the number of leaves with wingless or nonmigratory aphids present. 
• Watch for ant and ladybeetle populations on plants as a sign of infestation.
• ET = 50% leaves have aphid in any plant stage (UK)

• Estimate the level of defoliation (shot-holes) on 10 plants
• Sample adults with sweep net during mid-morning hours (when beetles come up to bask in the sunlight) and relate it with foliar injury
• Observe natural enemy populations in field (e.g., bigeyed bug) - abundance of these predators could indicate pest population.
• ET = 5-10% foliar injury early in season (UGA), 25-30% foliar injury in midseason (UK)

• Beetle injury first appears on field margins in the form leaf skeletonization.
• Scout more intensely in short crop (<6 to 10 inches)
• Adult beetles and larvae are easily seen on plants. Estimate number of insects on 10 plants at each location.
• ET = 5 beetles per 10 plant in short crop (UK) or 10% defoliation (UGA)

• Pheromone traps can be used to monitor moths. Pheromone traps do not indicate actual crop injury, but can indicate the suitable time of control of this insect.  
• Scout for egg masses or larvae during fruit set.  Larvae have four pairs of prolegs and feed near the top of fruit..
• ET = 7 moths/pheromone trap or eggs present on foliage (UK).  Threat is high if fresh feeding damage occurs 1 per plant at green fruit stage.

• Try using a sweep net to catch adults mid-morning
• Scout intensively when fruit formation begins. Count insects on 10 plants randomly across a field.  Sample more plants in large fields (>10 acres).  On green fruits, black specks could indicate stink bug injury.
• ET = 0.25 stink bugs per 10 plants at green fruit stage (UK)

• Study the leaves directly from 10 plants per location and look for larvae (cabbage looper larvae have two pairs of abdominal prolegs)
• Look for fecal pellets on leaves.
• ET = 5 looper larvae per 10 plants at any plant stage (UK), or defoliation greater than 20%